Overapproximation of Non-Linear Integer Arithmetic for Smart Contract Verification

13 pages•Published: June 3, 2023

Petra Hozzová, Jaroslav Bendík, Alexander Nutz and Yoav Rodeh

Abstract

The need to solve non-linear arithmetic constraints presents a major obstacle to the automatic verification of smart contracts. In this case study we focus on the two overapproximation techniques used by the industry verification tool Certora Prover: overapproximation of non-linear integer arithmetic using linear integer arithmetic and using non-linear real arithmetic. We compare the performance of contemporary SMT solvers on verification conditions produced by the Certora Prover using these two approximations against the natural non-linear integer arithmetic encoding. Our evaluation shows that the use of the overapproximation methods leads to solving a significant number of new problems.

Keyphrases: formal verification, linear integer arithmetic, non linear integer arithmetic, non linear real arithmetic, smart contracts, smt solving

In: Ruzica Piskac and Andrei Voronkov (editors). Proceedings of 24th International Conference on Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence and Reasoning, vol 94, pages 257-269.

Links:	https://easychair.org/publications/paper/BlrQ
	https://doi.org/10.29007/h4p7

BibTeX entry

@inproceedings{LPAR2023:Overapproximation_Non_Linear_Integer,
  author    = {Petra Hozzová and Jaroslav Bendík and Alexander Nutz and Yoav Rodeh},
  title     = {Overapproximation of Non-Linear Integer Arithmetic for Smart Contract Verification},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of 24th International Conference on Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence and Reasoning},
  editor    = {Ruzica Piskac and Andrei Voronkov},
  series    = {EPiC Series in Computing},
  volume    = {94},
  publisher = {EasyChair},
  bibsource = {EasyChair, https://easychair.org},
  issn      = {2398-7340},
  url       = {/publications/paper/BlrQ},
  doi       = {10.29007/h4p7},
  pages     = {257-269},
  year      = {2023}}

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